Medical science field has been searching for a simple, inexpensive, reliable and non-invasive method to measure and trend the hemodynamic events of the cardiovascular system.

• Ideally, a non-invasive cardiac output method should yield accurate, reproducible results.
• The technique should be easily applied to patients without requiring special training or effort
• The technique should not produce any discomfort.
• It should also require minimal technical expertise.
• It should be easily transportable, and be inexpensive.
• The method should be easily repeatable for serial measurements of cardiac output